A meta-analysis done at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) included a total of 10,058 CC cases from 85 published studies. A dozen types of HPV have been identified in 99% of biopsy specimens from CC worldwide and the relative risk estimates for HPV in case-control studies of CC are in the 50 to 100 range. The role of sexually transmitted agents in the aetiology of cervical cancer has been suspected for more than a century, but knowledge in this field has rapidly expanded only in the last 20 years, after major improvements were made in detection methods for human papillomavirus (HPV). Every year approximately half a million women worldwide develop cervical cancer (CC) of whom 80% live in poor countries where population-based screening programmes are virtually non-existent.
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